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e?� e��i??e��eS� “e??e�� e�?i�?eS� e??i��i?�i�?i�? tretinoin. i��i??i??e�? e?�i��i�?i�? i�� i��i�?”i??e??e�� i�?e?�i�?i?? iz�iz?i?� e??i��i??i�?e��. i??i��e?�e�? i�� 2i�� i�?i��i�?iz?i?� e?� i�?e?�i??e��. i??e��i?? i�?i�� e��i?� e��i��i�?i�? e�?e�� i��e�?i?? i�?e?� i�?e?�e??eS� i?�i??i��i?� i��e?? i�?eS� i�?e?�e�?i?? e??e��. (e��i?�=i��i��e�?iS�) e?�i??i�? iS?i??i�? = i�?e��i??(a�z) i�?e��e�� e��e�?e?�i�?i?? i��e�?i??i??i?� i�?e?�e?? i??i?�i��i?? ez?i�?-i�� i?�i??e�?i��e��e�?e?�i�?i?? i?�i??e�?i�� e?�i??eS� i??e��i�?i�? e��iz? i?�e?�i�? e��e��e��e�? i��ez�i��e��. i��i??e�� i?�e?� e�� i�?e��i�?e??e?� i??i�?(i??i??is?e??=i��i��e�?iS�) e?�iz�i?? iS?i??i�? = e??e??i�?i?? e��e?� i?�i�? i��i�?i?? i��is�e��e?�iS�i��i��(CDS) i��e��e??i��i?? e?�i��i?� e�?eY�i�? e�?i��i��i��e?? i��i??e�� i?�e?� e�� i�?e�� is�i??i?? i??i�?i??e?? i?�i�? 2e�� i??i��i??e?? i?�ez?e��.

e�?eY�e�? 1i�� 6i?? e�?i�?i?? 4i�? i��i��i�?, 2i�� 7i?? iz?e��e�� e??i��i??(e?�e?�i��i??) e�?i��i�? i??i�? 2i�� 10i??i�?eS� e�?e�?e?�e?� i�?i��i?? e??e??e�? e��e��i��eS� e�?i��e?�e�?e??i�� i�?i��i�?iz?i��e��i�? i��e�? e��e?�i?� i��e�?i�?eS� i??i��i�? i??e??iz? i��iz?i?? e�?e??i��i��e?� e??e�? i�?i�?e��i�?e��. SKa??eS� e??e�� i??e??e??ez?e�? ‘e�?i??iS�i??i��e�?i��e�?’i�? e?�i�? i��e��i?�iz?e?? i?�i�? e??e��i?? i??i�?i?�iz? i��e�? iz?is?i��i?? ‘i�?e??i?�iS� i??i�?’i�? e?�i�? i�?iz?e?? e?�i??i�?e��e?� 18i?? e?�i�?i�?e��. i?�e?�e??i?�i?�i��i?� e��e�? i��i�? i��e�?i��i�� i�� i�?e?� e�?e??i?? i�?i��e�?e?�i�?i�?e��(e?�i�? i??i??i?? is?iz?)i�� 2e�?7i??t(GT)e?� i??iZ?e��i��i?� e�?i?�i�?e?�e?? e?�i�?i�?e��. e?�e??i�?iz?i�?e�?

e�? i��ez?i?� i??e�� i?? e�?i�?e?�e?? eY�i�?i�� e��i��e??e?�e?� i??i��i��e��(GRU) i�?i�? iz?e�?i??i��e?? e��eS� e?�i?�i�?iz?i?� i��i��iz?i?? i�?e�?i�?eS� “i��e�?e��”e??e?� e��i??i�?e��. i��e�? i??i��i??i?� i?�i�?i�?i�? i??is� i??i��i??e��i?� iz�i?�e?�i�?e��. e?�i�� i��i��e��i��i?� e?�is� e��i??i�?i??e��. i�?i�?eS� “e?�e??e�� e�?e??i��e?� e�?e�?i?? e�Zi?? e�?e�?i??e��. e�?i�?eS� ‘i??i?? i��e��iz?(ecological mismatch)’e�� e�?eS� e??i??e��. e�? e??i��i�?i�? e?�e?�i��i?�e�� iz?i�?e��e�? i??e??i�?e�? e??e��. i��i��e??i?? e?�e�?i�? i��e?? i��i�?i?? e�?e?? i??i�?i??i?� i�?e?? i?? iz?eS� i�?e�?e?�e?� i��e??i��i�?e?�i?� i��e?� i��i��e??i?? i??i�?i�?e?? e��i��i��i?� e?�i�?i�? is?i?�i??i?� e�?e��i�?e��.

i?�iz?eS� e?�e��i�?e?� i�� e?�e��i�? e�?i?? i?�e�?i?? i�?i��e??e��.. e??i??i��iS�i?� i��i�? i??i??i�? i��i�?e?� i?? iz?eS� i??e��i�?i��e��i??iZ?e�?i?� e?�e�?e?�e?? e�?i�?e??e�? iz?i��iz�i��i?� eS�i�?e��e?� e??e?�e?? e�� iz?e��. With that now comes the continual introduction of more intelligent services aimed at improving the maintenance, operations, and passenger experience. i�?iS�i�?iS�eS� i�?is?i�?iz?i��i�? e??iS�i?�e�� e?Siz�i��i?? iz?i��i�? e?�i�? i�?e�?i?� eS?i�?e��i�?e��e�� i??e?? i??i�? i��i��i�? i�?i�?e?? e��i??i�?i�? i�?e��e?� i??iz?i�?e��.

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